> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.dune.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Commerce Flows > Classified stablecoin transfers for real commerce-related onchain activity — B2B, B2C, and C2B flows identified via protocol matches and behavioural heuristics across EVM chains, Tron, and Solana. Not every stablecoin transfer is a payment. `payments.commerce_flows` is a transfer-level dataset that identifies the ones that are — every transfer that is a legitimate commerce transaction, tagged with its flow type (`party_pair`, `purpose`), a `confidence` level, and the `protocol` where one is known. The table is intentionally conservative: transfers that don't match a rule are **excluded**, not bucketed as "unclear". It is not a universal stablecoin classifier and does not try to label everything. Commerce Flows feeds back into the stablecoins dataset — payments are a sub-category of stablecoin activity. Matched transfers have their `category` updated from `unidentified` to `payment` in [`stablecoins_evm.activity_enriched`](/data-catalog/curated/stablecoins/activity-enriched/stablecoins-evm-activity-enriched). ## Why this dataset matters Most stablecoin volume is not payments — it is trading, bridging, and treasury movement. Commerce Flows isolates the slice that is genuine commercial settlement, attaching an explicit rule and a confidence level to every row. It makes it possible to: * Measure onchain commerce volume by flow type (B2B, C2B, B2C) and protocol. * Separate protocol-verified settlement (Tier A) from behavioural inference (Tier B). * Label stablecoin transfers as payment-related for downstream analytics. ## Coverage **Chains:** EVM chains, Tron, and Solana. Solana coverage is label-based (Tier A) only. **Protocol-verified sources (Tier A):** * Crypto cards — sourced from [`payments.card_transactions`](/data-catalog/curated/payments/card-transactions). * Agentic payments (x402 / MPP) — sourced from [`payments.agentic_payments`](/data-catalog/curated/payments/agentic-payments). * Stripe, Shopify Commerce Payments Protocol, Coinbase Commerce, Request Network, and stablecoin payment processors (e.g. BVNK). **Behavioural flows (Tier B):** B2C payroll-style distributions, C2B merchant aggregation, and recurring B2B commerce. ## Output taxonomy | Party pair | Purpose | Meaning | | ---------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | B2B | Commerce | Business pays business for goods or services. | | C2B | Commerce | Consumer pays a merchant or service (checkout, subscriptions where detectable). | | B2C | Payroll | Recurring business-to-many-individuals payouts. | ## Methodology The pipeline runs in ordered stages: a **strict exclusion layer** removes non-commerce and non-final activity, then **Tier A** captures protocol-explicit matches (`confidence = high`), and finally **Tier B** applies a small set of high-signal behavioural heuristics to the residual (`confidence = medium`). Each transfer maps to **one** output row, and Tier A always takes precedence over Tier B. ### 1. Exclusion layer Fires before any classification. A transfer matching any rule is dropped from the eligible universe. * **Via upstream stablecoin labels:** issuer mechanics (mint / burn), bridge and wrap infrastructure, CEX legs, DEX / AMM / routing, and DeFi vaults / lending / yield. * **Via behavioural shape:** same-entity / self-transfers, round-trip and reverse transfers (treasury reshuffling, wash patterns), A→B→C pass-through routing (avoids double-counting intermediary legs), high-frequency bot wallets, and large one-off treasury repositioning. ### 2. Wallet classification Each address is typed from its full transaction history, with a `wallet_balance_tier` derived from its rolling 30-day average USD balance. | Wallet type | Balance tiers | Profile | | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Consumer | dust (under $100), micro ($100–$1K), small ($1K–\$10K) | Retail-sized transfers, low counterparty diversity | | Business | medium ($10K–$100K) | Recurring inflows from many senders, or outflows to many receivers | | Institutional | large ($100K–$1M), whale (over \$1M) | High-value counterparties, treasury / corporate flow shapes | | Unclassified | any | Average balance under \$10 or sparse history — excluded from classified output | ### 3. B2B commerce | Tier | Detector | What it captures | | --------------- | ------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | A (labels) | Agentic payments | Agent-to-agent settlement (x402 / MPP), from [`payments.agentic_payments`](/data-catalog/curated/payments/agentic-payments). | | A (labels) | Processor deposits | Stablecoin payment-processor settlement legs (e.g. BVNK). | | B (behavioural) | Recurring B2B | Business / institutional sender → receiver, ticket ≥ \$2K, directional, low recurrence. | ### 4. B2C payroll | Tier | Detector | What it captures | | --------------- | --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | A (labels) | Request Network | Protocol-mediated payouts through Request payment proxies. | | B (behavioural) | Payroll batch | Business-tier sender distributing to ≥5 recipients on a regular cadence, mid-size tickets, no return flow. | ### 5. C2B commerce | Tier | Detector | What it captures | | --------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | A (labels) | Crypto cards | Card purchase settlements, from [`payments.card_transactions`](/data-catalog/curated/payments/card-transactions). | | A (labels) | Stripe | Stablecoin checkout settlement into the Stripe MerchantFactory contract. | | A (labels) | Shopify CPP | Final settlement legs of the Shopify Commerce Payments Protocol (captures / charges only). | | A (labels) | Coinbase Commerce | Final settlement into the merchant / operator. | | B (behavioural) | Merchant aggregation | Merchant-like receiver aggregating many payers, then settling out to 1–2 wallets. | ## Table schema Each row is one classified stablecoin transfer. Non-applicable fields are `NULL`. Every row carries `tx_hash` + `transfer_evt_index` + `transfer_unique_key` to join back to the upstream stablecoin transfer. | Column | Type | Description | | ------------------------------ | --------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | `blockchain` | varchar | Chain name | | `block_month` | date | Block month (partition key) | | `block_date` | date | Block date | | `block_time` | timestamp | Block timestamp | | `tx_hash` | varbinary | Transaction hash of the classified transfer | | `activity_evt_index` | bigint | Event index of the protocol anchor event for Tier A matches; `NULL` for Tier B | | `transfer_evt_index` | bigint | Event index of the underlying token transfer | | `transfer_unique_key` | varchar | Unique transfer identifier; merge key and join key back to upstream | | `token_address` | varbinary | Token contract address | | `token_symbol` | varchar | Token symbol, e.g. `USDC`, `USDT` | | `amount_raw` | uint256 | Raw token amount | | `amount` | double | Normalized token amount | | `amount_usd` | double | USD value at block time | | `sender` | varbinary | Raw transfer sender | | `receiver` | varbinary | Raw transfer receiver | | `payment_uuid` | varchar | Identifier grouping the legs of a single payment; populated only where a multi-leg payment can be reconstructed, `NULL` otherwise | | `sender_wallet_type` | varchar | `consumer`, `business`, `institutional`, or `unclassified` | | `sender_wallet_balance_tier` | varchar | `dust` (under $100), `micro` ($100–$1K), `small` ($1K–$10K), `medium` ($10K–$100K), `large` ($100K–$1M), `whale` (over $1M) | | `receiver_wallet_type` | varchar | Same vocabulary as `sender_wallet_type` | | `receiver_wallet_balance_tier` | varchar | Same vocabulary as `sender_wallet_balance_tier` | | `party_pair` | varchar | `b2b`, `c2b`, or `b2c` | | `purpose` | varchar | `commerce` or `payroll` | | `heuristic_type` | varchar | `labels_based` (Tier A) or `activity_based` (Tier B) | | `heuristic_id` | varchar | Specific rule that matched, e.g. `crypto_card`, `stripe`, `shopify_cpp`, `coinbase_commerce`, `request_network`, `agentic_payments`, `b2b_processor_deposits`, `c2b_commerce_h3_aggregation`, `b2c_payroll_h1_batch`, `b2b_commerce_h_recurring` | | `confidence` | varchar | `high` (Tier A) or `medium` (Tier B) | | `protocol` | varchar | Protocol or provider for Tier A matches (e.g. `x402`, `stripe`, `shopify_base_cpp`, `coinbase_commerce`, `request_network`, or the card brand for crypto cards); `NULL` for Tier B | | `dataset_version` | varchar | Methodology version; bumped when classification logic changes | | `_updated_at` | timestamp | Pipeline load time (when the row was last written) | ## Sample queries ### Commerce flow volume by party pair and purpose ```sql theme={null} SELECT party_pair, purpose, heuristic_type, SUM(amount_usd) AS volume_usd, COUNT(*) AS tx_count, COUNT(DISTINCT sender) AS unique_senders FROM payments.commerce_flows WHERE block_date >= NOW() - INTERVAL '30' DAY GROUP BY 1, 2, 3 ORDER BY 4 DESC ``` ### Protocol-verified flows only ```sql theme={null} SELECT protocol, blockchain, SUM(amount_usd) AS volume_usd, COUNT(*) AS tx_count FROM payments.commerce_flows WHERE confidence = 'high' AND block_date >= NOW() - INTERVAL '30' DAY GROUP BY 1, 2 ORDER BY 3 DESC ``` ## Related tables * [`payments.card_transactions`](/data-catalog/curated/payments/card-transactions) — Tier A source for crypto card matches. * [`payments.agentic_payments`](/data-catalog/curated/payments/agentic-payments) — Tier A source for x402 and MPP matches. * [`stablecoins_evm.activity_enriched`](/data-catalog/curated/stablecoins/activity-enriched/stablecoins-evm-activity-enriched) — downstream consumer; exposes `category = 'payment'` for matched transfers.