Binary operators
The|| operator performs concatenation.
Binary functions
concat()
concat(binary1, ..., binaryN) → varbinary
Returns the concatenation of binary1, binary2, …, binaryN. This function provides the same functionality as the SQL-standard concatenation operator (||).
length()
length(binary) → bigint
Returns the length of binary in bytes.
lpad()
lpad(binary, size, padbinary) → varbinary
Left pads binary to size bytes with padbinary. If size is less than the length of binary, the result is truncated to size characters. size must not be negative and padbinary must be non-empty.
rpad()
rpad(binary, size, padbinary) → varbinary
Right pads binary to size bytes with padbinary. If size is less than the length of binary, the result is truncated to size characters. size must not be negative and padbinary must be non-empty.
substr()
substr(binary, start) → varbinary
Returns the rest of binary from the starting position start, measured in bytes. Positions start with 1. A negative starting position is interpreted as being relative to the end of the string.
substr(binary, start, length) → varbinary
Returns a substring from binary of length length from the starting position start, measured in bytes. Positions start with 1. A negative starting position is interpreted as being relative to the end of the string.
reverse()
reverse(binary) → varbinary
Returns binary with the bytes in reverse order.
Base64 encoding functions
from_base64()
from_base64(string) → varbinary
Decodes binary data from the base64 encoded string.
to_base64()
to_base64(binary) → varchar
Encodes binary into a base64 string representation.
from_base64url()
from_base64url(string) → varbinary
Decodes binary data from the base64 encoded string using the URL safe alphabet.
to_base64url()
to_base64url(binary) → varchar
Encodes binary into a base64 string representation using the URL safe alphabet.
from_base32()
from_base32(string) → varbinary
Decodes binary data from the base32 encoded string.
to_base32()
to_base32(binary) → varchar
Encodes binary into a base32 string representation.
Hex encoding functions
from_hex()
from_hex(string) → varbinary
Decodes binary data from the hex encoded string.
to_hex()
to_hex(binary) → varchar
Encodes binary into a hex string representation.
Integer encoding functions
from_big_endian_32()
from_big_endian_32(binary) → integer
Decodes the 32-bit two’s complement big-endian binary. The input must be exactly 4 bytes.
to_big_endian_32()
to_big_endian_32(integer) → varbinary
Encodes integer into a 32-bit two’s complement big-endian format.
from_big_endian_64()
from_big_endian_64(binary) → bigint
Decodes the 64-bit two’s complement big-endian binary. The input must be exactly 8 bytes.
to_big_endian_64()
to_big_endian_64(bigint) → varbinary
Encodes bigint into a 64-bit two’s complement big-endian format.
Floating-point encoding functions
from_ieee754_32()
from_ieee754_32(binary) → real
Decodes the 32-bit big-endian binary in IEEE 754 single-precision floating-point format. The input must be exactly 4 bytes.
to_ieee754_32()
to_ieee754_32(real) → varbinary
Encodes real into a 32-bit big-endian binary according to IEEE 754 single-precision floating-point format.
from_ieee754_64()
from_ieee754_64(binary) → double
Decodes the 64-bit big-endian binary in IEEE 754 double-precision floating-point format. The input must be exactly 8 bytes.
to_ieee754_64()
to_ieee754_64(double) → varbinary
Encodes double into a 64-bit big-endian binary according to IEEE 754 double-precision floating-point format.
Hashing functions
crc32()
crc32(binary) → bigint
Computes the CRC-32 of binary. For general purpose hashing, use xxhash64(), as it is much faster and produces a better quality hash.
md5()
md5(binary) → varbinary
Computes the MD5 hash of binary.
sha1()
sha1(binary) → varbinary
Computes the SHA1 hash of binary.
sha256()
sha256(binary) → varbinary
Computes the SHA256 hash of binary.
sha512()
sha512(binary) → varbinary
Computes the SHA512 hash of binary.
spooky_hash_v2_32()
spooky_hash_v2_32(binary) → varbinary
Computes the 32-bit SpookyHashV2 hash of binary.
spooky_hash_v2_64()
spooky_hash_v2_64(binary) → varbinary
Computes the 64-bit SpookyHashV2 hash of binary.
xxhash64()
xxhash64(binary) → varbinary
Computes the 64-bit xxHash hash of binary.
HMAC functions
hmac_md5()
hmac_md5(binary, key) → varbinary
Computes HMAC with MD5 of binary with the given key.
hmac_sha1()
hmac_sha1(binary, key) → varbinary
Computes HMAC with SHA1 of binary with the given key.
hmac_sha256()
hmac_sha256(binary, key) → varbinary
Computes HMAC with SHA256 of binary with the given key.
hmac_sha512()
hmac_sha512(binary, key) → varbinary
Computes HMAC with SHA512 of binary with the given key.