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The following table lists all of the keywords that are reserved in DuneSQL, along with their status in the SQL standard. These reserved keywords must be quoted (using double quotes) in order to be used as an identifier.

Reserved keywords

Dune is a web-based platform that allows you to query public blockchain data and aggregate it into beautiful dashboards.

Welcome

Quickstart

Navigate the Ever-Expanding World of Web3 Data with Ease, from Beginners to Experts

Web3 Data Resources

How to write a query to find out the monthly $ gas spent for your wallet

Create your first query

How to craft AI-assisted queries with ease

Create AI-Assisted Queries

Dune AI Prompt Engineering

Create New Content

How to create a combination bar chart and line chart to visualize the monthly $ gas spent for your wallet

Create your first visualization

Navigate the Query Editor

Find Datasets on Dune

How to build a Farcaster Frame using Frog and Dune API

Build a Frame with Dune API

Streamline tracking of your crypto transactions, including profit and loss calculations and determining cost basis, using Dune.

2023 Crypto Profits and Losses with Dune API

Export Data Out of Dune

A step-by-step guide to creating and managing team accounts on Dune.

Create and Manage Teams on Dune

What is the credit system on Dune and how credits work on Dune

Understanding Credits on Dune

How to efficiently search for content on Dune

Search for Content on Dune

Share Dune Content

How to share your query result and charts with others

Share your query

How to transfer ownership of your creations

Transfer Ownership

Dune has built the perfect tools to efficiently extract information from blockchain data.

Overview

The query editor allows you to query blockchain data using DuneSQL.

Writing Queries

The Data Explorer allows you to search for blockchain and other data to use in your Queries. Here's how it works.

Finding Tables

Parameters allow you to implement variables in certain parts of your Query. This is useful if you want to create a Query that you can reuse with different parameters.

Using Parameters

Learn how to leverage the power of query scheduling for a more reliable and up-to-date dashboard display!

Scheduling Queries

Queries have a version history, where you can compare and revert to previous query versions.

Version History

Charts are good for condensing data points into a Visualization. Learn how to make them here

Create Graphs

Counters give you a way to display a single number in a prominent way.

Create counters

Tables are a way to display your data in a tabular format.

Formatting Tables

Dashboards are where Dune's content lives and gets discovered.

Create Dashboards

Instead of working with the logs and traces in their raw states, on Dune we decode smart contract activity into nice human-readable tables.

Decoding Contracts

Dune Teams are shared workspaces for Wizards to collaborate within.

Teams on Dune

Wand is a beta suite of tools for writing SQL queries with the help of large language models.

Dune AI

Upload Data

Embeds allow you to enjoy beautiful, updating Dune charts across the web!

Share your work

Get the most out of Dune's powerful content search functionality

Search content

Alerts allow you to receive notifications based on any query

Alerts

DuneSQL, a Trino fork, is fine-tuned for blockchain analytics.

When and how do queries on Dune get executed?

Executions

The "Query View" feature in DuneSQL allows you to use an existing query as a view in another query. This powerful functionality enables you to create reusable queries, build complex queries, and take advantage of existing queries as views.

Query Views

Materialized tables are a way to store the results of a query in a table that can be queried like any other table. This is useful when you have a query that takes a long time to run, or when you want to use the results of a query in another query.

Materialized Views

Get the most out of DuneSQL by writing efficient queries.

Writing Efficient Queries

DuneSQL supports a wide range of built-in functions and operators.

Aggregate functions

Array functions and operators

Base58 functions

Binary

Bitwise

Comparisons

Conditional expressions

Conversions

Date and time functions and operators

Decimal functions and operators

HyperLogLog functions

JSON functions

Lambda expressions are anonymous functions which are passed as arguments to higher-order SQL functions.

Lambda expressions

LiveFetch functions send HTTP requests to a specified URL.

LiveFetch functions

Logical operators

Map functions and operators

Mathematical functions and operators

Machine learning functions

Quantile digest functions

Regular expression functions

Set Digest functions

SS58 functions

Tron address functions

String functions and operators

System information

T-Digest functions

Teradata functions

URL functions

UUID functions

Varbinary functions (DuneSQL)

Window functions

Dune's extensive data catalog provides detailed analytics for a wide range of blockchains.

Understand the frequency of updates for various data types on Dune.

Data Freshness

Bring your Data

EVM Overview

Linea Overview

Polygon zkEVM Overview

Aptos is a next-generation blockchain designed for scalability, security, and reliability.

Aptos data

Description of the aptos.blocks table on Dune

Blocks

aptos.blocks

Description of the aptos.events table on Dune

Events

aptos.events

Description of the aptos.move_modules table on Dune

Move Modules

aptos.move_modules

Description of the aptos.move_resources table on Dune

Move Resources

aptos.move_resources

Description of the aptos.move_table_items table on Dune

Move Table Items

aptos.move_table_items

Description of the aptos.signatures table on Dune

Signatures

aptos.signatures

Description of the aptos.transactions table on Dune

Transactions

aptos.transactions

Description of the aptos.user_transactions table on Dune

User Transactions

aptos.user_transactions

Bitcoin is the first and most well-known blockchain.

Bitcoin data

Description of the bitcoin.blocks table on Dune

bitcoin.blocks

Description of the bitcoin.inputs table on Dune

Inputs

bitcoin.inputs

Description of the bitcoin.outputs table on Dune

Outputs

bitcoin.outputs

Description of the bitcoin.transactions table on Dune

bitcoin.transactions

Substrate chains (e.g. Polkadot and its parachains) are on Dune.

Polkadot & Substrate Overview

Description of Substrate balances tables on Dune.

Balances

polkadot.balances

Description of Substrate blocks table on Dune.

polkadot.blocks

Description of Substrate calls tables on Dune.

Calls

polkadot.calls

Description of the Substrate events tables on Dune.

polkadot.events

Description of Substrate extrinsics table on Dune.

Extrinsics

polkadot.extrinsics

Useful materialized views for Polkadot, Kusama & their parachains.

Description of the polkadot.stakings table on Dune.

Stakings

polkadot.stakings

Description of the polkadot.transfers table on Dune.

Transfers

polkadot.transfers

Description of the polkadot.traces table on Dune.

Traces

polkadot.traces

Solana Overview

Description of the solana.account_activity table on Dune

Account Activity

solana.account_activity

Description of the solana.blocks table on Dune

solana.blocks

IDL Decoded Tables

Solana Decoded Tables

Description of the solana.instruction_calls table on Dune

Instruction Calls

solana.instruction_calls

Description of the solana.rewards table on Dune

Keyword	SQL:2016
`ALTER`	reserved
`AND`	reserved
`AS`	reserved
`BETWEEN`	reserved
`BY`	reserved
`CASE`	reserved
`CAST`	reserved
`CONSTRAINT`	reserved
`CREATE`	reserved
`CROSS`	reserved
`CUBE`	reserved
`CURRENT_CATALOG`	reserved
`CURRENT_DATE`	reserved
`CURRENT_PATH`	reserved
`CURRENT_ROLE`	reserved
`CURRENT_SCHEMA`	reserved
`CURRENT_TIME`	reserved
`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`	reserved
`CURRENT_USER`	reserved
`DEALLOCATE`	reserved
`DELETE`	reserved
`DESCRIBE`	reserved
`DISTINCT`	reserved
`DROP`	reserved
`ELSE`	reserved
`END`	reserved
`ESCAPE`	reserved
`EXCEPT`	reserved
`EXECUTE`	reserved
`EXISTS`	reserved
`EXTRACT`	reserved
`FALSE`	reserved
`FOR`	reserved
`FROM`	reserved
`FULL`	reserved
`GROUP`	reserved
`GROUPING`	reserved
`HAVING`	reserved
`IN`	reserved
`INNER`	reserved
`INSERT`	reserved
`INTERSECT`	reserved
`INTO`	reserved
`IS`	reserved
`JOIN`	reserved
`JSON_ARRAY`	reserved
`JSON_EXISTS`	reserved
`JSON_OBJECT`	reserved
`JSON_QUERY`	reserved
`JSON_VALUE`	reserved
`LEFT`	reserved
`LIKE`	reserved
`LISTAGG`	reserved
`LOCALTIME`	reserved
`LOCALTIMESTAMP`	reserved
`NATURAL`	reserved
`NORMALIZE`	reserved
`NOT`	reserved
`NULL`	reserved
`ON`	reserved
`OR`	reserved
`ORDER`	reserved
`OUTER`	reserved
`PREPARE`	reserved
`RECURSIVE`	reserved
`RIGHT`	reserved
`ROLLUP`	reserved
`SELECT`	reserved
`SKIP`	reserved
`TABLE`	reserved
`THEN`	reserved
`TRIM`	reserved
`TRUE`	reserved
`UESCAPE`	reserved
`UNION`	reserved
`UNNEST`	reserved
`USING`	reserved
`VALUES`	reserved
`WHEN`	reserved
`WHERE`	reserved
`WITH`	reserved

Functionality

DuneSQL

​Reserved keywords

Reserved keywords